Economic Research Forum (ERF)

Hernan Winkler

Author

Hernan Winkler
Senior Economist in the Jobs Group at the World Bank

Hernan Winkler is a Senior Economist in the Jobs Group at the World Bank. He specializes in applied microeconomics, with a particular focus on labor market issues and the sources and consequences of inequality and poverty. He has been an author and part of the core teams of several World Bank flagship reports. His research has been published in peer-reviewed journals including the Review of Economics and Statistics and the Journal of Development Economics. Before joining the World Bank, he was a Researcher at CEDLAS (University of La Plata, Argentina). He holds a PhD in economics from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA).

Content by this Author

Who can work from home in MENA?

Which jobs can be done from home, who does them and how prevalent are they in different countries? This column reports evidence on working from home in over 50 countries, including Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia.

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Labour demand and informal employment in Egypt’s manufacturing sector

Egypt’s manufacturing sector faces a dual challenge of weak job creation and persistent informality. Drawing on survey evidence on business behaviour and labour market dynamics, this column explains why job creation is limited and informal work remains such an integral part of how firms organise production. The generation of more formal jobs requires a comprehensive policy approach, one that goes beyond enforcement of labour regulations to reshape the economic environment in which firms and workers make decisions.

Challenges of conflict and industrial policy for development

How effective is industrial policy as a tool for long-term economic growth and development? Against the backdrop of the conflict currently engulfing the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan and Pakistan (MENAAP), a new report argues that while industrial policies are widely used across the region, they can only address market failures and foster growth when they are aligned with country capabilities, implemented with accountability and backed by capable institutions.

The green transition in MENA economies: challenges and policy pathways

The economies of the Middle East and North Africa are at a critical turning point. Global decarbonisation pressures, energy market volatility and technological transformation are increasingly challenging hydrocarbon-based growth models. This column argues that the green transition is not only an environmental necessity but also a strategic economic imperative.




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