Economic Research Forum (ERF)

Zina Nimeh

Author

Zina Nimeh
Associate Professor of Public Policy, United Nations University MERIT and Maastricht University

Dr. Zina Nimeh is an Associate Professor of Public Policy at UNU-MERIT and Maastricht University, with over two decades of professional and academic experience in the areas of public policy, social policy, public sector reform and governance. She studied Finance at Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Labor and Human Resources at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. She obtained her PhD in Social Protection and Public Policy at Maastricht University through a Marie Curie Research grant. She currently is the co-coordinator of the Social Protection, Inclusive Innovation and Development research theme at UNU-MERIT. Her content area of expertise is on public policy, social protection policy and financing, social cohesion and governance. Regionally she has extensive expertise in the MENA region, as well as in the emerging markets contexts. Outside academia she has had managerial and consulting experience in the areas of human development, social policies and public sector reform with focus on employment, education and social exclusion.

Content by this Author

Social protection in Jordan: towards collaborative implementation

Jordan has an ambitious national strategy for social protection, adopted in 2019. But as this column explains, implementing it has not been easy in the context of economic challenges, the global pandemic and geopolitical instability. Achieving transformative social protection requires a new social contract, citizen engagement and effective support from the international donor community.

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Empowering Egypt’s young people for the future of work

Egypt’s most urgent priority is creating more and better jobs for its growing youth population. This column reports on the first Development Dialogue, an ERF–World Bank joint initiative, which brought together students, scholars, policy-makers and private sector leaders at Cairo University to confront the country’s labour market challenge. The conversation explored why youth inclusion matters, what the data show and how dialogue and the forthcoming Country Economic Memorandum can inform practical pathways to accelerate job creation.

Preparing youth for the workforce of the future

As economies undergo rapid digital and green transformations, young people face a growing mismatch between their skills and what the modern labour market needs. This column argues that enabling youth to compete in the workforce of the future requires systemic reforms in education, skills formation and labour market institutions, especially in developing economies.

Connectivity and conflict: understanding the risks of inequality in the Middle East

While high inequality does not always lead to conflict, new research reported in this column shows that widespread internet access acts as a catalyst, transforming economic grievances into political instability. For policy-makers in the Middle East and North Africa, this means that as digital connectivity expands, the security costs of ignoring economic disparities rise dramatically. The combination of idle youth, high inequality and high-speed internet is a volatile mix.

The political economy of stalled structural reforms in MENA

There is a persistent pattern to the structural reforms that are required to underpin economic progress in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa: ambitious strategies are announced and partially implemented, but ultimately they are diluted or reversed. This column argues that the repeated stalling of reform is not primarily a failure of economic design. Rather, it reflects deep-seated political economy constraints rooted in rent dependence, elite bargaining and weak institutional credibility. Without addressing these underlying dynamics, reform efforts are likely to remain symbolic rather than transformative.

Closing the gender gap in political participation in MENA

Women across the Middle East and North Africa participate less than men in politics – not only in political parties and elections, but also in petitions, boycotts, protests and strikes. This column reports evidence from ten countries showing that differences in education, employment and political attitudes explain part of this disparity, yet a significant gender gap remains.




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